ABSTRACT
Nanostructured materials are being increasingly applied to improve the performance and efficiency of electrochemical genosensors. The unique properties of nanostructured materials offer excellent prospects for biological sensing systems and for designing a new generation of biosensing devices with exhibiting novel functions. Application of nanostructured materials in the fabrication of electrochemical genosensors offers several important advantages over conventional biological procedures, and can have a significant impact on clinical diagnosis. In this context, nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles and metal oxide nanoparticles were actively investigated for their applications in the fabrication of electrochemical genosensors. In this article, an overview of various nanostructured materials in the fabrication of electrochemical genosensors that utilize different biological recognition elements for biomedical applications is presented